Before European settlers arrived, Montauk was inhabited by the Montaukett Native American tribe. The Montauketts lived off the land, fishing in the abundant waters and cultivating crops.

During the American Revolutionary War, Montauk played a significant role as a strategic location. The British occupied Long Island, and American forces used Montauk as a base for espionage and raids against the British. In 1777, the Battle of Fort Pond took place, where American forces successfully defended against British attacks.

Montauk's location on the Atlantic Ocean made it an ideal spot for fishing and whaling. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the town's economy revolved around the fishing industry. Whaling ships from Montauk set sail on daring expeditions, hunting whales for their valuable blubber and oil. The town thrived during this time, with the fishing and whaling industries bringing prosperity to the community.

One of the most iconic landmarks in Montauk is the Montauk Point Lighthouse, completed in 1796. It is the oldest lighthouse in New York State and played a crucial role in guiding ships safely through the treacherous waters of the Atlantic. The lighthouse still stands today, offering breathtaking views of the coastline.

During World War II, Montauk became a significant military base. The U.S. Army established Camp Hero, an artillery defense installation, and later transformed it into an Air Force radar station. The base played a role in coastal defense and served as a crucial outpost during the Cold War. In recent decades, Montauk has evolved into a vibrant tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world. Its beautiful beaches, world-class fishing, and outdoor recreational opportunities continue to draw tourists and nature enthusiasts. The town's laid-back atmosphere, charming shops, and excellent dining options make it a popular vacation spot.

While Montauk has experienced significant development, efforts have been made to preserve its natural beauty and historic character. The town remains a captivating blend of history, stunning landscapes, and modern amenities.